Mental retardation refers to a pathological condition that can occur from conception up to the age of 16. There are over 1,000 organic causes of mental retardation associated mainly with more severe forms of mental retardation.
Chromosomal abnormalities are the most common genetic cause, and the most common causal abnormality is DownSyndrome.
There are 4 types of mental retardation.
- Light mental retardation: It is characterized by a mental level ranging from 50% to 70% and is about 85% of all mentally handicapped people.People with a 70% cognitive level do not face substantial social adaptation difficulties and can fully cope with the demands of everyday life.
- Moderate mental retardation: It is characterized by a mental potential ranging from 35% to 55%. These people make up 10% of all mentally handicapped people.
- Severe mental retardation: It is characterized by a mental potential ranging from 20 to 35%. These people make up about 3% to 4% of all people with mental handicaps.
- Deep mental retardation: People with a deep intellectual disability level of intelligence of less than 20% to 25%, and adaptation difficulties are severe. They account for 1% with 2% of all people.
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